外科基本操作英文（Basic Surgical Procedures in Operating Room）

Basic Surgical Procedures in Operating Room In the field of medicine, surgery is one of the most critical areas since it directly involves the treatment of various conditions through invasive means. The importance of surgical procedures cannot be overstated, as they can mean the difference between life and death for individuals. As such, medical practitioners, particularly surgeons, undergo a rigorous training process to ensure that they are equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge to undertake surgical procedures. In this article, we will discuss some of the basic surgical procedures performed in the operating room. Pre-operative Procedures The pre-operative phase is the period before the actual surgery, where necessary preparations are made. During this phase, the medical team prepares the patient, the operating room, and the equipment. The following are some of the basic pre-operative procedures in the operating room: Patient preparation - The patient is assessed and readied for surgery through various procedures such as sterilization, shaving, and positioning. The relevant medical history of the patient is taken, and the necessary tests are conducted to ensure that they are fit for the surgery. Operating room preparation - The operating room is cleaned and disinfected thoroughly to ensure that it is free from pathogens. The surgical equipment is also sterilized to prevent the transmission of any infection during the procedure. Anesthesia administration - A qualified anesthesiologist administers anesthesia to the patient to ensure that they are asleep and feel no pain during the surgery. The anesthesiologist monitors the patient's vital signs throughout the procedure. Intra-operative Procedures The intra-operative phase is the actual surgical procedure itself, and it is the most crucial phase since it determines the success of the surgery. It involves a series of intricate steps that must be executed with precision to avoid complications or adverse outcomes. The following are some of the basic intra-operative procedures in the operating room: Incision - The surgeon makes an incision through the skin and the underlying tissues to access the affected area. Hemostasis - This involves controlling the bleeding from exposed blood vessels. The surgeon achieves this by using various techniques, such as cauterization, ligature, or application of pressure. Tissue dissection and exposure - The surgeon carefully dissects and exposes the tissues involved in the surgical operation. The visualization of the organs or tissues is crucial to identify the exact location and extent of the affected area. Surgical resection - After identifying the affected area, the surgeon removes the diseased tissues or organs through resection. This involves cutting the target organ or tissue from the surrounding tissues accurately. Suture and closure - Once the diseased tissues are removed, the surgeon sutures the wound to ensure that it heals quickly and correctly. The techniques, such as interrupted or continuous sutures, are used depending on the type and location of the wound. Post-operative Procedures The post-operative phase is the period after the surgery, where the patient is monitored for complications, and necessary follow-up measures are taken. The duration of this phase varies depending on the nature of the surgical procedure and the patient's condition. The following are some of the basic post-operative procedures in the operating room: Recovery - The patient is monitored closely in the recovery room until they gain full consciousness. The vital signs are continuously checked to ensure that there are no post-surgical complications. Observation - After discharge from the hospital, the patient is advised to follow specific instructions given by the surgeon to facilitate healing. Follow-up - The surgeon schedules follow-up appointments to check the patient's progress after the surgery. This is essential to ensure that the patient heals correctly and that there are no complications. Conclusion In conclusion, surgical procedures in the operating room are complex and involve multiple stages, from preparation to recovery. Medical practitioners undertake rigorous training to ensure that they can carry out these procedures with skill and precision. Patients also play a crucial role in the success of the surgical procedure by taking the necessary measures outlined by the surgeon to ensure that they heal correctly. Proper understanding of basic surgical procedures in operating rooms is fundamental to appreciate their complexity and importance in providing medical services.